ORA-20000

Error: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges (when logging in as sqlplus "/ as sysdba")

Cause: User does not have sufficient rights.

Action:

C:\sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Oct 24 14:44:37 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

SQL> exit

Check if the OS user you are logged on to the machine is member of the ORA_DBA group. Add the user to the ORA_DBA group.

C:\sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Oct 24 14:45:03 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.

See also ORA-01031: insufficient privileges (when the inline view is updated)

Error: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges (when the inline view is updated).

Cause: This user has no right to "update" on the table joined in the select.

Action:

I got an error when the script is executed.

update (
        select emp.comm
        from   scott.dept dept, scott.emp
        where  dept.loc = 'CHICAGO' and
               emp.deptno = dept.deptno
       )
set   comm = comm + 100;

User "test" had the following rights:

grant select, update on emp to test;
grant select on dept to test;

To execute update user "test" must have the right to "update" to all fields of tables joined in the select.

grant update (deptno, loc) on dept to test;

Or the entire table:

grant update on dept to test;

UPD: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges (when logging in as sqlplus "/ as sysdba")

Error:

C:\>sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Oct 17 17:55:05 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn SCOTT/TIGER@SIEB306
ERROR:
ORA-28000: the account is locked

SQL> exit

Cause: The user has entered wrong password consequently for maximum number of times specified by the user's profile parameter FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS, or the DBA has locked the account

Action: Wait for PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME or Unlock the account.

SQL> 
SQL> select dba_users.username, dba_users.account_status
  2  from   dba_users
  3  where  dba_users.username = 'SCOTT';
 
USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------------
SCOTT                          EXPIRED & LOCKED
 
SQL> ALTER USER SCOTT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
 
User altered
 
SQL> 
SQL> select dba_users.username, dba_users.account_status
  2  from   dba_users
  3  where  dba_users.username = 'SCOTT';
 
USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------------
SCOTT                          EXPIRED
 
SQL>

See also: ORA-28001: the password has expired

And prevent account locks to not occur again:

sql> ALTER PROFILE "DEFAULT" LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED;
sql> ALTER PROFILE "DEFAULT" LIMIT FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS UNLIMITED;

Error:

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27102: out of memory
Linux-x86_64 Error: 12: Cannot allocate memory
Additional information: 1
Additional information: 3407880
Additional information: 8
SQL> startup;
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

Cause: The MEMORY_TARGET parameter was not supported on this operating system or /dev/shm was not sized correctly on Linux(the size of /dev/shm needs to be greater than MEMORY_TARGET or MEMMORY_MAX_TARGET).

Action: Check the size of /dev/shm and increase the size of /dev/shm

Check /dev/shm:

[root]# df -h /dev/shm
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                 2.0G  1.2G  0.8G  60% /dev/shm

Change your system file /etc/fstab:

[root]# vi /etc/fstab
tmpfs  /dev/shm  tmpfs  defaults,size=3G  0 0

And remount:

[root]# mount -o remount /dev/shm

Chech changes:

[root]# df -h /dev/shm
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                 3.0G  1.2G  1.9G  40% /dev/shm

Startup database:

SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1937457152 bytes
Fixed Size                  2214576 bytes
Variable Size            1476396368 bytes
Database Buffers          452984832 bytes
Redo Buffers                5861376 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>

Cause: The user's account has expired and the password needs to be changed.

Action: Change the password.

SQL> select dba_users.account_status
  2  from   dba_users
  3  where  dba_users.username = 'INFD_T';
 
ACCOUNT_STATUS
--------------------------------
EXPIRED

SQL> ALTER USER INFD_T IDENTIFIED BY INFD_T;
 
User altered
 
SQL> 
SQL> select dba_users.account_status
  2  from   dba_users
  3  where  dba_users.username = 'INFD_T';
 
ACCOUNT_STATUS
--------------------------------
OPEN
 
SQL> 

Other methods:

ALTER USER < USERNAME > IDENTIFIED BY < PASSWORD >;
ALTER USER < USERNAME > IDENTIFIED BY VALUES < PASSWORD_HASH >;